SELENE, also known as Kaguya, was a pioneering lunar orbiter mission launched by the Japan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA) in 2007. Its primary objective was to conduct comprehensive observations of the Moon’s surface, gravity field, and magnetic field, enhancing our understanding of lunar geology and evolution. Notable achievements include the deployment of multiple scientific instruments and the generation of high-resolution maps of the lunar surface.
Design and Construction
SELENE Kaguya was equipped with various scientific instruments, including cameras, spectrometers, and radar, housed within a cylindrical spacecraft. Its design incorporated solar panels for power generation and communication antennas for data transmission to Earth. Constructed using lightweight materials, the spacecraft optimized fuel efficiency and payload capacity for its lunar mission. Unique engineering challenges included thermal control in the harsh lunar environment and precise orbit adjustments for scientific observations.
Mission Objectives
The primary mission objectives of SELENE Kaguya were to study the Moon’s surface morphology, mineral composition, and gravitational anomalies. Secondary objectives included investigating the Moon’s magnetic field and conducting radio science experiments to probe the lunar interior structure. The mission aimed to advance our understanding of lunar geology, origins, and potential resources for future exploration.
Launch and Deployment
SELENE Kaguya was launched on September 14, 2007, aboard an H-IIA rocket from the Tanegashima Space Center in Japan. Following a journey of nearly a month, the spacecraft entered lunar orbit and commenced its scientific observations. Throughout its mission, SELENE Kaguya encountered no major issues, successfully deploying its instruments and conducting extensive observations of the lunar surface.
Technical Specifications
- Dimensions: Approximately 2.1 meters in height and 3.2 meters in diameter
- Weight: Approximately 2,900 kilograms
- Power Source: Solar panels generating up to 3,500 watts of power
- Propulsion: Chemical thrusters for trajectory adjustments and orbit maintenance
- Instruments and Equipment: High-definition cameras, spectrometers, laser altimeter, and magnetometers for lunar surface and interior analysis.
Current Status
SELENE Kaguya concluded its mission in June 2009 after completing its primary objectives and transmitting vast amounts of data back to Earth. The spacecraft impacted the lunar surface as planned, contributing to our understanding of lunar geology and aiding in the selection of landing sites for future missions.
