Lunik 2, also known as Luna 2, was a Soviet spacecraft launched in 1959 as part of the Luna program. Its primary objective was to become the first human-made object to reach the Moon’s surface, marking a significant milestone in space exploration. Luna 2’s successful impact on the lunar surface provided valuable data about the Moon’s environment and helped pave the way for future lunar missions.
Design and Construction
Lunik 2 was a spherical spacecraft with a diameter of about 90 cm and a weight of approximately 390 kg. It was constructed primarily of aluminum alloy and stainless steel. The spacecraft featured a propulsion system consisting of a Blok-E upper stage rocket and a payload section containing scientific instruments.
Mission Objectives
The primary objective of Lunik 2 was to impact the lunar surface and transmit data back to Earth upon impact. Secondary objectives included studying the Moon’s magnetic field and radiation environment during the spacecraft’s journey.
Launch and Deployment
Lunik 2 was launched aboard a Luna 8K72 rocket from the Baikonur Cosmodrome on September 12, 1959. It successfully reached the Moon and impacted the lunar surface on September 14, 1959, in the Sea of Serenity. The impact provided valuable data about the Moon’s composition and confirmed the feasibility of lunar exploration.
Technical Specifications
- Dimensions: Approximately 90 cm in diameter
- Weight: Approximately 390 kg
- Propulsion System: Blok-E upper stage rocket
- Power Source: Batteries
- Instruments and Equipment: Included instruments for studying the Moon’s magnetic field and radiation environment.
Current Status
Lunik 2 completed its mission upon impact on the lunar surface in 1959. It is considered a retired spacecraft, but its historic achievement continues to be celebrated as a significant milestone in space exploration.
