Chandrayaan-1, India’s first lunar probe and part of the Chandrayaan Space Program, was launched by the Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO) in October 2008. Its primary objective was to study the Moon’s surface, mineral composition, and lunar atmosphere, marking India’s entry into interplanetary exploration. Notably, Chandrayaan-1 made significant discoveries, including the detection of water molecules on the Moon’s surface, revolutionizing our understanding of Earth’s celestial neighbor.
Design and Construction
Chandrayaan-1 featured a cuboid structure with a mass of approximately 1,380 kilograms. Its design incorporated lightweight materials to optimize payload capacity and facilitate scientific observations. Unique engineering challenges included developing precise navigation systems for lunar orbit insertion and ensuring the spacecraft’s thermal protection during extreme temperature variations in space.
Mission Objectives
The primary mission objectives of Chandrayaan-1 were to map the Moon’s surface, study its mineral composition, and analyze its polar regions for water ice. Secondary objectives included investigating the lunar exosphere and conducting experiments to understand the Moon’s geological history and evolution.
Launch and Deployment
Chandrayaan-1 was launched aboard India’s Polar Satellite Launch Vehicle (PSLV-C11) from the Satish Dhawan Space Centre in Sriharikota, India, on October 22, 2008. Following launch, the spacecraft successfully entered lunar orbit on November 8, 2008, initiating its scientific mission. Key discoveries included the confirmation of water molecules on the Moon’s surface.
Technical Specifications
- Dimensions: Approximately 1.5 meters x 1.5 meters x 1.5 meters
- Weight: 1,380 kilograms
- Payload Capacity: Approximately 55 kilograms
- Propulsion System: Bi-propellant propulsion system
- Power Source: Solar panels
- Instruments and Equipment: Included a high-resolution camera, spectrometer, and radar mapper for surface mapping and analysis.
Current Status
Chandrayaan-1 concluded its mission in August 2009 after losing communication with ground control. Despite this, its legacy continues to influence lunar exploration, paving the way for future missions. ISRO has since focused on Chandrayaan-2, which aims to build upon Chandrayaan-1’s achievements with additional lunar exploration objectives.
